An ECG (Electrocardiogram) is a simple, non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. It helps diagnose a variety of heart conditions by displaying the heart’s rhythm and electrical signals.
⚙️ How It Works
- Electrodes (small sticky patches) are placed on the skin—typically on the chest, arms, and legs.
- These electrodes detect the electrical impulses generated by the heart as it beats.
- The ECG machine records these impulses and displays them as waves on paper or a screen.
✅ Uses of ECG
- Detects heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
- Identifies signs of a heart attack
- Evaluates heart health in people with other conditions (like high blood pressure or diabetes)
- Monitors the effectiveness of heart medications
- Checks pacemaker function
📊 ECG Wave Components
- P wave – Atrial contraction (depolarization)
- QRS complex – Ventricular contraction (depolarization)
- T wave – Ventricular relaxation (repolarization)
🩺 Types of ECG
- Resting ECG – Done while lying down; most common.
- Stress ECG (Exercise ECG) – Done while walking on a treadmill or riding a bike.
- Holter Monitor – Portable device worn for 24–48 hours to record continuous heart activity.
- Event Monitor – Similar to a Holter, but used over weeks; patient activates it when symptoms occur.
⚠️ Abnormal ECG Findings May Indicate
- Heart attack (current or past)
- Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
- Enlarged heart chambers
- Poor blood supply to the heart (ischemia)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., potassium, calcium)
📝 Advantages
- Non-invasive & painless
- Quick and widely available
- Cost-effective
- Provides immediate results
